国家粮食局是国家发展和改革委员会管理的负责全国粮食流通宏观调控具体业务、行业指导和中央储备粮行政管理的行政机构。国家粮食局的主要职责 ：（一）研究提出全国粮食宏观调控、总量平衡以及粮食流通的中长期规划、进出口总量计划和收储、动用中央储备粮的建议，拟订粮食流通体制改革方案并组织实施，推动国有粮食企业改革，研究提出现代粮食流通产业发展战略的建议。（二）承担粮食监测预警和应急责任，负责全国粮食流通宏观调控的具体工作，研究提出粮食最低收购价原则的建议，指导协调最低收购价粮食等政策性粮食购销和粮食产销合作。（三）起草全国粮食流通和中央储备粮管理的法律法规草案和有关政策并监督执行，制定粮食流通、粮食库存监督检查制度并组织实施，负责对粮食收购、储存环节的粮食质量安全和原粮卫生进行监督管理。（四）负责粮食流通的行业管理，制定行业发展规划、政策，拟订有关国家标准，指导粮食收购市场准入标准的制定并组织实施，指导粮食流通的科技进步、技术改造和新技术推广，拟订国家粮食质量标准，制定粮食储存、运输的技术规范并监督执行，开展粮食流通的对外合作与交流。（五）承担中央储备粮行政管理责任，会同有关部门研究提出中央储备粮的规模、总体布局和收购、销售、进出口总量计划，会同有关部门审批中央储备粮轮换计划并监督实施，监督检查中央储备粮的数量、质量和储存安全，制定中央储备粮管理的技术规范并监督执行，指导中国储备粮管理总公司的业务。（六）拟订全国粮食市场体系建设与发展规划并组织实施，编制粮食流通、仓储、加工设施建设规划，管理有关粮食流通设施国家投资项目。（七）承办国务院及国家发展和改革委员会交办的其他事项。[2]State Administration of Grain, an administrative body directly under the National Development and Reform Commission, is in charge of handling concrete businesses of national grain distribution macro-control, guiding the nationwide grain sector and administrating China’s central grain reserves.Main Responsibilities of the State Administration of Grain:Entrusted by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Administration is committed upon investigation to put forward medium and long term strategies of macro-control and adjustment, overall supply and demand balancing and the country’s grain distribution system, plans for import and export and proposals for procurement and storage, as well as the drawing on of the national grain reserve stock. It is also committed to draft reform program for the national grain distribution system, and to undertake the implementation of such program.To draw up drafts for laws and statutes, relevant policies, rules and regulations for nationwide grain distribution and grain reserves management, and supervise their implementations; work out plans for the construction of national grain distribution, storage and processing facilities and submit for approval of those large and middle scale projects above norm according to the well-established procedures, and to propose frame-work for grain purchase price as well as procurement protective price and marketing price limit.To work in coordination with the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine to manage the grain quality standards; formulate technical norms for grain storage, handling and transportation, and supervise their implementations.To guide the management of the whole nation’s grain sector and its vocational training, guide and promote its technical transformations and new technology extensions as well as its overseas exchanges and cooperation. In addition, it is also responsible for the grain sector’s statistical work.To formulate technical norms for management of the national grain reserves and supervise its implementation, and propose upon investigation the size, overall layout of the central grain reserves and plans for procurement, marketing, import and export of the central grain reserves’ stock for ensuring its quantity, quality and safety. It is also committed to provide guidance to the business of China Grain Reserves Corporation.[3]